As reflected in the title, this course focuses on diagnostic challenges that are common in the surgical pathology of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung diseases. A unique case based format is used for each talk, with the speakers concentrating on specific questions raised by the case presentation. Virtual slides of each case will be provided to participants before the presentation. Common questions that are addressed include diagnostic criteria, application of ancillary tests including new molecular assays, and clinical significance of diagnosis and classification of common and uncommon lung diseases. Topics will include practical advice on interpreting both small biopsy samples and larger surgical specimens. Additional time has been set aside for questions at the end of the breaks, and the audience will be asked to provide written questions after the talks that can be discussed by the speakers during the question and answer period.

OBJECTIVES

Introduction Jeffrey L. Myers, M.D., The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
Classification of Adenocarcinoma, Including Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma (BAC) Alain C. Borczuk, M.D., Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
	Diagnose bronchioloalveolar carcinomas and apply the most appropriate terminology for reporting and classifying these tumors.
	Articulate the importance of quantifying invasion in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
	Identify histologic variants of adenocarcinoma that have clinical significance.
Role of Molecular Studies in Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Samuel A. Yousem, M.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
	Determine what molecular tests are important in the management of patients with NSCLC.
	Identify the role and circumstances for EGFR and K-ras testing, including choice of appropriate assay.
	Recognize morphologic correlates with specific molecular abnormalities in NSCLC.
Update on Small Cell Carcinoma and its Differential Diagnosis William D. Travis, M.D., Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
	Identify the best methods for distinguishing small cell carcinoma from squamous cell and basaloid carcinomas, as well as other neuroendocrine tumors.
	Avoid pitfalls in biopsy diagnosis of small cell carcinoma.
Diagnosis of Necrotizing Granulomatous Inflammation Marie-Christine Aubry, M.D., Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN
	Articulate the significance of necrotizing granulomas that look infectious in which no organism is identified.
	Apply and interpret the results of special stains, cultures, and other techniques used to identify infectious agents.
	Identify histologic features that are most helpful in separating infectious granulomatous disease from other lesions such as Wegener's granulomatosis.
Diagnosis of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis in the Context of Current Hematopathology Classification Schemes Thomas V. Colby, M.D., Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ
	Define lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) in the context of the current WHO classification scheme and its relationship to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
	Articulate the role of EBV and cell phenotype in diagnosing LYG.
	Understand the extent to which LYG is a specific entity.
Utility of Small Biopsies for Diagnosis of Lung Nodules: Doing More with Less Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, M.D., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
	Apply histologic criteria and the results of ancillary studies to subclassification of non-small cell lung carcinomas on small biopsies.
	Understand the utility of core biopsies in diagnosing specific benign lung lesions, as well as the significance of non-specific findings.
Pathologists' Role in Identifying Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonia Jeffrey L. Myers, M.D., The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
	Articulate the role of lung biopsy in identifying patients with hypersensitivity pneumonia.
	Identify those laboratory tests of potential value in the differential diagnosis.
	Separate hypersensitivity pneumonia from other forms of interstitial pneumonia.
Update on Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) and Other Fibrosing Lung Diseases Anna-Luise A. Katzenstein, M.D., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
	Separate smoking related interstitial fibrosis from the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).
	Articulate new knowledge regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of usual interstitial pneumonia.
	Understand the role of transbronchial lung biopsy in diagnosing the IIPs.
Closing Remarks Anna-Luise A. Katzenstein, M.D., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY