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Helminthic Diseases in the Liver in Ancient Cultures

Linda Wells Baylor School of Medicine Houston, TX
 Marvin J. Allison and Enrique Gerszten Medical College of Virginia Campus Richmond, VA
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ABSTRACT
A review of 60 livers from pre-Columbian, Peruvian, mummies dating from 3,000 to 500 years before
present revealed five radiographically with scattered areas of calcification. All five were children
ranging in age from 3 to 10 years of age and today these are the best candidates for parasitic infections
in Peru and Chile. Five micron sections of the livers stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome showed
that two were true cysts while three were not. Unstained sections were also examined with polarized
light and the remaining three had tunnels and areas of debri.
Two cystic livers had alveolar cystic disease with desintegrating brood capsules one was probably
Echinococcus volgeli and the other was E. granulosis based on the length of the hooklets. One of the
remaining livers was from 1200 years ago and had scant calcium in a liver with numerous tunnels some
plugged with debri and a few containing the remains of the necrotic parasite Fasciola hepatica. The
parasite had spines and a cuticle with an immature ovary seen in some sections, but the feces contained
no eggs. Two remaining livers radiographically had areas of calcification with what appeared to be
calcified worms. Sections were cut to 5 microns and stained with Von Kossa's calcium stain and H &
E.. Remains of calcified Ascaris
Lumbricoides was seen in both livers. The sections showed a calcified ascaris cuticle containing
the intestine and ovary with immature eggs.
The parasites had apparently entered the bile duct and died there. One liver with Ascaris was from
an eight year old girl who died from liver failure due to hepatitis C which she had probably acquired
from her mother at birth, and the parasitic ascaris disease. All of these parasites are seen today in
the modern Andean population and are probably due to the similar life style, and food and water source.
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