—  PALEOPATHOLOGY CLUB   —

Helminthic Diseases in the Liver in Ancient Cultures


Linda Wells
Baylor School of Medicine
Houston, TX

Marvin J. Allison and Enrique Gerszten
Medical College of Virginia Campus
Richmond, VA


ABSTRACT
A review of 60 livers from pre-Columbian, Peruvian, mummies dating from 3,000 to 500 years before present revealed five radiographically with scattered areas of calcification. All five were children ranging in age from 3 to 10 years of age and today these are the best candidates for parasitic infections in Peru and Chile. Five micron sections of the livers stained with H&E and Masson's trichrome showed that two were true cysts while three were not. Unstained sections were also examined with polarized light and the remaining three had tunnels and areas of debri.

Two cystic livers had alveolar cystic disease with desintegrating brood capsules one was probably Echinococcus volgeli and the other was E. granulosis based on the length of the hooklets. One of the remaining livers was from 1200 years ago and had scant calcium in a liver with numerous tunnels some plugged with debri and a few containing the remains of the necrotic parasite Fasciola hepatica. The parasite had spines and a cuticle with an immature ovary seen in some sections, but the feces contained no eggs. Two remaining livers radiographically had areas of calcification with what appeared to be calcified worms. Sections were cut to 5 microns and stained with Von Kossa's calcium stain and H & E.. Remains of calcified Ascaris

Lumbricoides was seen in both livers. The sections showed a calcified ascaris cuticle containing the intestine and ovary with immature eggs.

The parasites had apparently entered the bile duct and died there. One liver with Ascaris was from an eight year old girl who died from liver failure due to hepatitis C which she had probably acquired from her mother at birth, and the parasitic ascaris disease. All of these parasites are seen today in the modern Andean population and are probably due to the similar life style, and food and water source.

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